![]() ![]() Many other devices, such as fabric filters, reactors, and catalysts destroy or capture other regulated pollutants. Modern incinerators incorporate carefully engineered primary and secondary burn chambers, and controlled burners designed to burn completely with the lowest possible emissions, eliminating, in some cases, the need for lime scrubbers and electro-static precipitators on smokestacks.īy passing the smoke through the basic lime scrubbers, any acids that might be in the smoke are neutralized which prevents the acid from reaching the atmosphere and hurting the environment. These pollutants can be acidic and in the 1980s were reported to cause environmental degradation by turning rain into acid rain. ![]() One problem associated is the potential for pollutants to enter the atmosphere with the flue gases from the boiler. Incineration generally entails burning waste (residual MSW, commercial, industrial and RDF) to boil water which powers steam generators that generate electric energy and heat to be used in homes, businesses, institutions and industries. The method of incineration to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) is a relatively old method of WtE generation. The total efficiencies of cogeneration incinerators are typically higher than 80% (based on the lower heating value of the waste). In order to avoid losing the rest of the energy, it can be used for e.g. Incinerators have electric efficiencies of 14-28%. The question, however, is an open one, as European countries which recycle the most (up to 70%) also incinerate to avoid landfilling. Ĭritics argue that incinerators destroy valuable resources and they may reduce incentives for recycling. Other concerns include proper management of residues: toxic fly ash, which must be handled in hazardous waste disposal installation as well as incinerator bottom ash (IBA), which must be reused properly. Incinerators may emit fine particulate, heavy metals, trace dioxin and acid gas, even though these emissions are relatively low from modern incinerators. Modern incinerators reduce the volume of the original waste by 95-96 percent, depending upon composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. Hence, modern incineration plants are vastly different from old types, some of which neither recovered energy nor materials. ![]() All new WtE plants in OECD countries incinerating waste (residual MSW, commercial, industrial or RDF) must meet strict emission standards, including those on nitrogen oxides (NO x), sulphur dioxide (SO 2), heavy metals and dioxins. Incineration, the combustion of organic material such as waste with energy recovery, is the most common WtE implementation. ![]()
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